Cloning 11 (Source)

Storing your cloning data will allow you to respawn without the 100 or so Health, Action, and Mind wounds that you normally get from dying and spawning when you didn't clone.

If you store clone data in Anchorhead, then die near bestine, you should have 2 choices: spawn at pre-designated cloning facility or nearest cloning facility. If you spawn at the nearest (bestine) you'll spawn with wounds. If you go to the pre-designated facility (Anchorhead), you won' t spawn with the wounds.

As long as you are on the same planet, you always have the choice to spawn in the predesignated cloning facility, but if you cloned in Anchorhead and were doing missions in Wayfar, you have to hike all the way back (unless you spawn in Wayfar with wounds), hence the devs tell you to clone often.

And once you leave the planet, you cannot respawn on another planet where your clone data is stored, so you have to re-store your clone data.